Retinopathy is damage to the retina, the innermost layer in the eyes. This can lead to loss of vision. Over time, high levels of glucose in the blood can damage the retina. The retina is a sensitive layer at the back of the eye that has many tiny blood vessels. These blood vessels can become damaged and leak. New blood vessels form in the retina to compensate. These blood vessels can easily leak too. Imagine how easy it is to drink water through a thin straw. Now imagine how much harder it is to drink a thick milkshake through the same straw. Not easy at all! In the long term, these damaged blood vessels causes problems with vision and if left untreated can stop you seeing. The longer you have unmanaged diabetes, the more likely you are to experience eye problems.
A picture of the back of your eye will be taken to detect any early signs of retinopathy. If required, you may need to see an eye specialist. Some people need eye treatment to preserve their vision. One treatment is known as laser therapy. This is where a beam of light makes tiny burns on the retina to stop blood vessels leaking and reduces the growth of new vessels.
But don’t wait for an appointment if you think you have a problem. Make an appointment with your healthcare professional if you experience:
- Sudden blurred vision
- Changes in normal vision
- Dark areas in normal vision
- Spots or blobs floating inside your eye
There are many things you can do to help keep your eyes healthy and help prevent diabetic eye complications.
- Manage your blood glucose — Taking control of blood sugar can slow down or stop the progress of eye disease. If you haven't noticed any problems yet, there is no reason why your eyes should be any worse than people who do not have diabetes. Check your blood sugar levels as advised by your healthcare professional.
- Take your meds — Remember to take any medication you have been prescribed to help manage your diabetes. Blood pressure and cholesterol levels should also be kept under control.
- Stop smoking — We all know that smoking is bad for our health, but in people with diabetes, it increases the risk of developing eye complications. Speak to your healthcare professional or visit NHS support.
- Stay healthy — Healthy eating and regular exercise will help keep your blood sugar levels stable and help with weight control. Find what works for you!
- Attend your regular check-ups, including any eye screening appointments.
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